Cell wall: contains the bacterial cell and provides a shape and protection of the microorganism.
Capsule: a gelatinous layer that covers the cell wall, protects the cell from other bacteria.
Flagellum: enables movement.
Pili:  cover the entire cell and help it attach to the substratum. They facilitate the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another (conjugation).
Spore: forms from the cell when the environmental conditions are unfavourable.