Earth

Metamorphic rocks

Sedimentary and magmatic rocks, when tectonic movements occur, can be dragged to high depths and find themselves at extreme temperature and pressure conditions, which transform their crystal structure. This process is called metamorphic process and transforms sedimentary and magmatic rocks into metamorphic ones. For example, carbonate rocks that are subject to the metamorphic process form marble. Sandstones and clay transform into gneiss rocks.

Can rocks transform?
The Earth’s crust continuously evolves because rock transformation processes are constantly active. Superficial rocks (sedimentary and magmatic) are transported into soil depth and transformed into metamorphic rocks. If high temperatures are reached, rocks melt and transform into magma. When the magma cools down and goes back into solid state, magmatic rocks are formed. Deep rocks can be brought back to the surface, eroded and form fragments that will represent the deposits of sedimentary rocks.