Earth

Soil

Soil knowledge

Soil structure

When the soil is not removed, the so-called mature soil develops. Paedogenesis is the name of the process that leads to its creation.
A mature soil is characterized by a series of layers, called horizons, which differ according to the soil structure and the composition of organic and inorganic parts.
The layers create the soil profile:

Horizon A: rich in organic components, but lacks clay particles. Clay particles are transported by the water to the underneath horizons.
Horizon B: lacks organic material, but is rich in clay particles.
Horizon C: has particles of real soil and fragments of rock that have not been changed yet. More deeply, unchanged rocks can be found.