Special ice
At the beginning of the Nineties, in marine geology research environments, word began to spread about a particular substance present under the ocean floor: it was the first information on methane hydrates that had up to then received scarce attention because they were considered not much more than a mere geological curiosity and lacking any commercial value. The so-called biogenic methane is released during decomposition processes of organic matter and accumulates within sediments where it may concentrate and eventually rise towards the surface. If the surface is a sea bed, the gas that is released mixes with the cold water of the deep sea and forms a sort of ‘ice’. The water molecules crystallize forming a ‘cage-like’ structure inside which methane molecules are trapped. On freezing, the water squeezes the gas and the mixture’s density increases greatly. Chemically, methane hydrates are made up of a molecule of methane and 6 molecules of water (CH46H2O) and belong to the ‘clathrate’ family, that comprises compounds whose crystalline solids occur when water molecules form cells closed in a ‘cage-like’ structure. For this process to take place, two simultaneous factors are necessary: a low temperature (-15°C) and high pressure all around (20 bar, that corresponds to a sea depth of a little less than 200 m), in addition to an abundant supply of methane and water molecules, of course.
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From the Multimedia section
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Orimulsion
In order to improve supply security, and therefore the diversification of sources to produce electric energy...
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Cracking operations
At the end of the fractional distillation, long hydrocarbon molecules can be transformed into lighter molecules by means of more…
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Every day the Earth receives enough solar energy to satisfy the global energy need...
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Electricity and electrons
In all electric plants, excluding photovoltaic solar plants, mechanic energy is transformed into electric energy through the same basic procedure...
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The age of coal starts towards the mid 1600s, stimulated by the need for finding an alternative energy source to…
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The melting of the ice cells, not only brings about the release of methane gas, but it also produces another…
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Orimulsion
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Cracking operations
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